Children Often Crave Repetition. Adults Are More Likely to Prefer Reading a Book.
"Again!" My 4-year-old son Edwin likes to yell over and over once again when he finds a new activity or joke that he likes. My 16-month-old, Charlie, likes to repeatedly throw objects on the floor from his loftier chair or even confronting the wall if it makes an interesting audio. They both similar to hear the aforementioned stories every night before bed, they like to eat the same foods for lunch, they like to play with the same toys and spotter the same movies every day. When they find something they similar, they want to do it over and over and over once more.
Why exercise children like repetition so much? An early developing preference for the familiar is actually quite common in infancy and early on babyhood. These preferences begin to develop before a baby is even built-in—in the tertiary trimester of pregnancy. At that point, fetuses can taste, scent, and hear, and as a outcome, at this fourth dimension, they begin to develop preferences for familiar flavors from their female parent'southward food in the amniotic fluid that floats around them (Schaal, Marlier, & Soussignan, 2000; Menella, Jagnow, & Beauchamp, 2001). They also develop preferences for familiar sounds, like the audio of their mothers' vocalism (Kisilvesky et al., 2003), their native language (Moon, Cooper, & Fifer, 1993), or even familiar stories that are read to them from outside the womb (DeCasper & Spence, 1986). This trend continues later they're born, and simply after a few hours of exposure, newborns develop a fast preference for their female parent's face (Field, Cohen, Garcia, & Greenberg, 1984). Soon subsequently, they develop preferences for faces in full general (Johnson & Morton, 1991), all based on familiarity.
This preference for the familiar might be adaptive—creating an early on affinity for the people that are most likely to take care of them.
And then perhaps information technology'south non surprising that children like to read the same books, watch the same movies, and sing the same songs on repeat every day. In fact, there is testify that this repetition might even support learning.
Source: PublicDomainPictures/Pixabay
Not surprisingly, enquiry has shown that children learn better from reading a volume over and over again than just reading it once or twice. In one written report, researchers presented three-yr-former children with the aforementioned new words in 3 stories over the course of a week. The new words were exactly the aforementioned for all children, but one-half of the children were presented with the words in the same exact story repeated three times, while the others heard the same words in iii different stories. Children learned the words better when they heard the same story repeated than when they heard the same words presented in 3 different stories (Horst, Parsons, & Bryan, 2011).
The aforementioned trends have been found for babies. In a similar study, researchers presented xviii- to 24-calendar month-olds with a storybook that detailed specific actions needed to brand and shake a toy rattle. Infants were read the book either twice or four times, and the researchers establish that the more the babies were read the book, the more they imitated the deportment they learned (Simcock & DeLoache, 2008). Repeated exposure to deportment presented on tv set also leads to more than frequent faux (Barr, Muentener, Garcia, Fujimoto, & Chavez, 2007).
People often say that practice makes perfect. Research certainly supports this, especially in children. In fact, studies have shown that repetition can be critically important for learning in general (e.grand., Karpicke & Roediger, 2008)—especially for memory (Hintzman, 1976) and language learning (Schwab & Lew-Williams, 2016). So while adults can hands pick up new information from a single exposure, when kids ask to watch the same movie they've already seen a hundred times or read the same book before bed for the 10th night in a row, information technology might just be their manner of learning the storyline. And although information technology might be boring or even annoying to do the aforementioned thing over and over and over (and over and over) over again, this extra exercise might exist but what children need to acquire new things.
References
Barr, R., Muentener, P., Garcia, A., Fujimoto, Grand., & Chávez, V. (2007). The consequence of repetition on imitation from idiot box during infancy. Developmental Psychobiology, 49(2), 196-207.
DeCasper, A. J., & Spence, M. J. (1986). Prenatal maternal speech influences newborns' perception of speech sounds. Infant Behavior and Development, ix, 133-150.
Field, T. M., Cohen, D., Garcia, R., & Greenberg, R. (1984). Mother-stranger face discrimination past the newborn. Infant Beliefs and evolution, 7(1), xix-25.
Hintzman, D. 50. (1976). Repetition and retentivity. In Psychology of learning and motivation (Vol. 10, pp. 47-91). Academic Press.
Horst, J. S., Parsons, Thou. 50., & Bryan, North. M. (2011). Get the story straight: Contextual repetition promotes give-and-take learning from storybooks. Frontiers in Psychology, 2, 17.
Johnson, Thou. H., & Morton, J. (1991). Biology and cognitive development: The case of face up recognition. Oxford, England: Basil Blackwell.
Karpicke, J. D., & Roediger, H. L. (2008). The disquisitional importance of retrieval for learning. Science, 319(5865), 966-968.
Kisilevsky, B. Due south., Hains, S. Grand. J., Lee. K., Xie, 10., Huang, H., Ye, H. H., Zhang, K., & Wang, Z. (2003). Effects of feel on voice recognition. Psychological Scientific discipline, xiv, 220-224.
Mennella, J. A., Jagnow, C. P., & Beauchamp, G. Chiliad. (2001). Prenatal and postnatal flavor learning by human infants. Pediatrics, 107(6), E88.
Moon, C., Cooper, R. P., & Fifer, West. P. (1993). Two-day-olds prefer their native linguistic communication. Baby behavior and evolution, 16, 495-500.
Schaal, B., Marlier, L., & Soussignan, R. (2000). Human fetuses larn odours from their pregnant female parent's diet. Chemical Senses, 25, 729-737.
Schwab, J. F., & Lew-Williams, C. (2016). Repetition beyond successive sentences facilitates immature children's discussion learning. Developmental Psychology, 52(half dozen), 879-886.
Simcock, G., & DeLoache, J. S. (2008). The effect of repetition on infants' imitation from picture books varying in iconicity. Infancy, xiii(6), 687-697.
Source: https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-baby-scientist/201907/why-children-repetition-and-how-it-helps-them-learn
0 Response to "Children Often Crave Repetition. Adults Are More Likely to Prefer Reading a Book."
إرسال تعليق